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<title>Sleep mode</title>

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<span id="openzim-page-title" class="mw-page-title-main"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Sleep mode</span></span>

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</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Safe sleep" redirects here. For the campaign, see <a href="Safe_to_Sleep" title="Safe to Sleep">Safe to Sleep</a>.</div>

<p><b>Sleep mode</b> (or <b>suspend to RAM</b> or <b>stand by</b>) is a low-power mode for <a href="Electronic_devices" class="mw-redirect" title="Electronic devices">electronic devices</a> such as computers, televisions, and remote controlled devices. Sleep modes save significantly on electrical consumption compared to leaving a device fully on and, upon resuming to a working state, allow the user to avoid having to reissue instructions or wait for a machine to <a href="Booting" title="Booting">boot</a>.

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<p>Many devices signify this power mode with a pulsed or red-colored <a href="LED" class="mw-redirect" title="LED">LED</a> power light.

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Computers">Computers</h2></div>

<div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="Advanced_Configuration_and_Power_Interface" class="mw-redirect" title="Advanced Configuration and Power Interface">Advanced Configuration and Power Interface</a></div>

<p>In computers, entering a sleep state is roughly equivalent to "pausing" the state of the machine. When restored, the operation continues from the same point, having the same applications and files open.

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sleep">Sleep</h3></div>

<p>Sleep mode has gone by various names, including <i>Stand By</i>, <i>Suspend</i> and <i>Suspend to RAM</i>. Machine state is held in <a href="Random-access_memory" title="Random-access memory">RAM</a> and, when placed in sleep mode, the computer cuts power to unneeded subsystems and places the RAM into a minimum power state, just sufficient to retain its data. Because of the large power saving, most laptops automatically enter this mode when the computer is running on batteries and the lid is closed. If undesired, the behavior can be altered in the <a href="Operating_system" title="Operating system">operating system</a> settings of the computer.

</p><p>A computer must consume some energy while sleeping in order to power the RAM and to be able to respond to a wake-up event. A sleeping PC is on <a href="Standby_power" title="Standby power">standby power</a>, and this is covered by regulations in many countries, for example in the United States limiting such power under the <a href="One_Watt_Initiative" title="One Watt Initiative">One Watt Initiative</a>, from 2010. In addition to a wake-up press of the power button, PCs can also respond to other wake cues, such as from keyboard, mouse, <a href="Wake-on-ring" title="Wake-on-ring"> incoming telephone call on a modem</a>, or <a href="Wake_on_lan" class="mw-redirect" title="Wake on lan">local area network signal</a>.

</p><p>A <a href="Real-time_clock_alarm" title="Real-time clock alarm">real-time clock alarm</a> can schedule the computer to wake from sleep mode.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Hibernation">Hibernation</h3></div>

<div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="Hibernation_(computing)" title="Hibernation (computing)">Hibernation (computing)</a></div>

<p>Hibernation, also called <b>Suspend to Disk</b> on Linux, saves all computer operational data on the fixed disk before turning the computer off completely. On switching the computer back on, the computer is restored to its state prior to hibernation, with all programs and files open, and unsaved data intact. In contrast with standby mode, hibernation mode saves the computer's state on the hard disk, which requires no power to maintain, whereas standby mode saves the computer's state in RAM, which requires a small amount of power to maintain.

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Hybrid_sleep">Hybrid sleep</h3></div>

<p>Sleep mode and hibernation can be combined: the contents of RAM are first copied to non-volatile storage like for regular hibernation, but then, instead of powering down, the computer enters sleep mode. This approach combines the benefits of sleep mode and hibernation: The machine can resume instantaneously, but it can also be powered down completely (e.g. due to loss of power) without loss of data, because it is already effectively in a state of hibernation. This mode is called "<b>hybrid sleep</b>" in <a href="Microsoft_Windows" title="Microsoft Windows">Microsoft Windows</a> starting in <a href="Windows_Vista" title="Windows Vista">Windows Vista</a>.

</p><p>A hybrid mode is supported by some portable <a href="Apple_Macintosh" class="mw-redirect" title="Apple Macintosh">Apple Macintosh</a> computers,<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> compatible hardware running Windows Vista or newer, and <a href="Linux" title="Linux">Linux</a> distributions running kernel 3.6 or newer.

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<p><a href="Advanced_Configuration_and_Power_Interface" class="mw-redirect" title="Advanced Configuration and Power Interface">ACPI</a> (Advanced Configuration and Power Interface) is the current standard for <a href="Power_management" title="Power management">power management</a>, superseding <a href="Advanced_Power_Management" title="Advanced Power Management">APM</a> (Advanced Power Management) and providing the backbone for sleep and <a href="Hibernate_(OS_feature)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hibernate (OS feature)">hibernation</a> on modern computers. Sleep mode corresponds to ACPI mode <b>S3</b>. When a non-ACPI device is plugged in, Windows will sometimes disable stand-by functionality for the whole operating system. Without ACPI functionality, as seen on older hardware, sleep mode is usually restricted to turning off the monitor and spinning down the hard drive.

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Microsoft_Windows">Microsoft Windows</h3></div>

<p><a href="Microsoft_Windows_2000" class="mw-redirect" title="Microsoft Windows 2000">Microsoft Windows 2000</a> and later support sleep at the operating system level (ACPI S3 state) without special drivers from the hardware manufacturer, with the exception of <a href="Video_adapter" class="mw-redirect" title="Video adapter">video adapters</a>. <a href="Windows_Vista" title="Windows Vista">Windows Vista</a>'s Hybrid sleep feature saves the contents of volatile memory to hard disk before entering sleep mode. If power to memory is lost, it will use the hard disk to wake up. The user has the option of hibernating directly if they wish. On PCs that enable <a href="Modern_Standby" class="mw-redirect" title="Modern Standby">Modern Standby</a>, Hybrid sleep feature is unavailable.

</p><p>In older versions prior to Windows Vista, sleep mode was under-used in business environments as it was <a href="Green_computing#Operating_system_support" title="Green computing">difficult to enable organization-wide</a> without resorting to third-party software.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As a result, these earlier versions of Windows were criticized for wasting energy.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>A variety of third-party <a href="PC_power_management" title="PC power management">PC power management</a> software exists for newer versions of Windows, offering features beyond those built into the operating system.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Most products offer <a href="Active_Directory" title="Active Directory">Active Directory</a> integration and per-user/per-machine settings with the more advanced offering multiple power plans, scheduled power plans, anti-insomnia features and enterprise power usage reporting.

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="macOS">macOS</h3></div>

<p>Sleep on <a href="MacOS" title="MacOS">macOS</a> consists of the traditional sleep, <b>Safe Sleep</b>, and <b>Power Nap</b>. In <a href="System_Preferences" class="mw-redirect" title="System Preferences">System Preferences</a>, Safe Sleep<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is referred to as sleep. Since Safe Sleep also allowed state to be restored in an event of a <a href="Power_outage" title="Power outage">power outage</a>, unlike other operating systems, <a href="Hibernation_(computing)" title="Hibernation (computing)">hibernate</a> was never offered as an option.

</p><p>In 2005, some Macs running <a href="Mac_OS_X_v10.4" class="mw-redirect" title="Mac OS X v10.4">Mac OS X v10.4</a> began to support Safe Sleep. The feature saves the contents of volatile memory to the system hard disk each time the Mac enters Sleep mode. The Mac can instantaneously wake from sleep mode if power to the RAM has not been lost. However, if the power supply was interrupted, such as when removing batteries without an AC power connection, the Mac would wake from Safe Sleep instead, restoring memory contents from the hard drive.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>Safe Sleep capability is found in Mac models starting with the October 2005 revision of the <a href="PowerBook_G4" title="PowerBook G4">PowerBook G4</a> (Double-Layer SD). <a href="Mac_OS_X_v10.4" class="mw-redirect" title="Mac OS X v10.4">Mac OS X v10.4</a> or higher is also required.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>In 2012, Apple introduced Power Nap with <a href="OS_X_Mountain_Lion" title="OS X Mountain Lion">OS X Mountain Lion</a> (10.8) and select Mac models.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Power Nap allows the Mac to perform tasks silently, such as iCloud syncing and Spotlight indexing. Only low energy tasks are performed when on battery power, while higher energy tasks are performed with AC power.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Smartphones">Smartphones</h2></div>

<p>Smartphone platforms, such as <a href="IPhone" title="IPhone">iPhone</a>, <a href="Android_(operating_system)" title="Android (operating system)">Android</a> and <a href="Windows_Phone" title="Windows Phone">Windows Phone</a> can support smart standby method. If power button pressed, screen is turned off, but it still can retrieve notifications and play sound.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Unicode">Unicode</h2></div>

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<p>Because of widespread use of this symbol, a campaign was launched to add a set of power characters to <a href="Unicode" title="Unicode">Unicode</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In February 2015, the proposal was accepted by Unicode and the characters were included in Unicode 9.0.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The characters are in the "<a href="Miscellaneous_Technical" title="Miscellaneous Technical">Miscellaneous Technical</a>" block within code point range 23FB<span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>–<span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>23FE.<sup id="cite_ref-unicode90-misc_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-unicode90-misc-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

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</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable dablink excerpt-hat selfref">This section is an excerpt from <a href="Wake-on-LAN" title="Wake-on-LAN">Wake-on-LAN</a>.<span class="mw-editsection-like "><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a class="external text external" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wake-on-LAN&action=edit">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div><div class="excerpt">

<p><a href="Wake-on-LAN" title="Wake-on-LAN">Wake-on-LAN</a> (WoL)<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is an <a href="Ethernet" title="Ethernet">Ethernet</a> or <a href="Token_Ring" title="Token Ring">Token Ring</a> <a href="Computer_network" title="Computer network">computer networking</a> standard that allows a computer to be turned on or awakened from sleep mode by a network message.

The message is usually sent to the target computer by a program executed on a device connected to the same <a href="Local_area_network" title="Local area network">local area network</a> (LAN). It is also possible to initiate the message from another network by using <a href="#Subnet_directed_broadcasts">subnet directed broadcasts</a> or a WoL gateway service. It is based upon <a href="AMD" title="AMD">AMD</a>'s <i>Magic Packet Technology</i>, which was co-developed by AMD and <a href="Hewlett-Packard" title="Hewlett-Packard">Hewlett-Packard</a>, following its proposal as a standard in 1995. The standard saw quick adoption thereafter through <a href="IBM" title="IBM">IBM</a>, <a href="Intel" title="Intel">Intel</a> and others.

</p><p>If the computer being awakened is communicating via <a href="Wi-Fi" title="Wi-Fi">Wi-Fi</a>, a supplementary standard called Wake on Wireless LAN (WoWLAN) must be employed.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

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The WoL and WoWLAN standards are often supplemented by vendors to provide protocol-transparent on-demand services, for example in the <a href="Bonjour_(software)" title="Bonjour (software)">Apple Bonjour</a> wake-on-demand (<a href="Bonjour_Sleep_Proxy" title="Bonjour Sleep Proxy">Sleep Proxy</a>) feature.<sup id="cite_ref-Wake-on-LAN_macworld-glenn_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wake-on-LAN_macworld-glenn-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></div>

<ul><li><a href="Shutdown_(computing)" title="Shutdown (computing)">Shutdown (computing)</a></li>

<li><a href="Modern_Standby" class="mw-redirect" title="Modern Standby">Modern Standby</a></li></ul>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2></div>

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<li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Equivalent terms include wake on WAN, remote wake-up, power on by LAN, power up by LAN, resume by LAN, resume on LAN and wake up on LAN.</span>

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div>

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</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.freedesktop.org/software/systemd/man/systemd.timer.html">"systemd.timer"</a>. <i>freedesktop.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 October</span> 2014</span>.</cite></span>

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